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Design of a Wheelchair
Štubianová, Zuzana ; Koudelková, Dagmar (referee) ; Křenek, Ladislav (advisor)
The topic of this master thesis is the design of manual wheelchair designed for physically handicapped users with paralysis of the upper part of the body, paraplegia. The user is the central object of the design, significant emphasis is given on the needs of physically handicapped users as well as on the common perception of those people by society. The designed concept is taking into account usage of new materials such as plastics and composites which are allowing progressive shape.
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Nursing care from the perspective of a physically disadvantaged patient.
HOMOLKOVÁ, Eliška
The main goal of the research was to analyze the subjective view of patients with physical disabilities on the care provided in the inpatient and outpatient spheres of medical facilities. The research part of the bachelor thesis is focused on the perception of care provided to physically disadvantaged patients and it is processed using a qualitative and quantitative method. The first part focuses on a qualitative research survey and basic data on informants, the type of physical disability and experience with the outpatient and inpatient sphere. In this section, we also mapped the positives and negatives of the environment, communication and attitudes of nurses from the perspective of patients with physical disabilities and technical innovations that they would welcome in nursing practice. The second part of the research survey was processed by a quantitative method using a survey as a data collection technique. In this part, we verified the established hypotheses and the results of the qualitative part of the research survey. The research group consisted of 10 informants and 61 respondents from the ranks of people with physical disabilities, specifically with paraplegia present. The qualitative research survey took place in the period from November to December 2020, and after theoretical saturation, the individual interviews were analyzed, coded and categorized. The quantitative research survey took place in the period of March and April 2021, and after the end of data collection, a frequency and descriptive analysis was performed. A graphical representation was created for each of the evaluated areas. The results of our study point to a higher level of satisfaction with the outpatient sector, which is also preferred when choosing treatment options, dispensaries, etc. disadvantaged patients that they would require in the outpatient setting. Due to the elaboration of individual positives and negatives, we recommend the use of outpatient treatment or the transition to community nursing if this option is available.
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Muscle imbalance and its compensation in sporting paraplegics
ŠVEJDOVÁ, Karolína
The bachelor thesis deals with compensation of muscle imbalance in paraplegic athletes. In its theoretical part I deal with the basic anatomy of the spine and spinal chord, types of spinal chord injuries and complications in patients struggling with the results of spinal chord injuries. Further, the chapters are devoted to the options of sport activities in paraplegic patients, the choice of a correct wheelchair, and to the explanation of types of muscle imbalance and their compensational exercises. The main objective of my bachelor thesis is to find out about muscle imbalance in 3 paraplegics doing sports, to examine and create an individual compensatory plan for individual athletes that contains exercising with a therapist, but also an autotherapeutic exercise. It is a qualitative research where a part of the research group consists of 3 probands that are active athletes in a wheelchair. Each case study consists of an initial examination followed by 8 therapy sessions focused on individual muscle imbalance in each athlete. A final examination serves as the result of the case study. Based on the practical part results a positive effect is visible, when, after finishing the individual compensatory plan, in 2 probands reached a significant improvement. The last proband could not participate in the research due to the COVID 19 situation. This thesis can be used as educational material for physiotherapists, expert public or even general public interested in this issue
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Evaluation of the short-term effect of physiotherapeutic techniques on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury
Špačková, Anežka ; Hlinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kříž, Jiří (referee)
The subject of this thesis is spasticity in individuals with spinal lesions. The aim is to evaluate and compare a short-term effect of selected physio-therapeutic methods on spasticity of lower limbs in spinal patients. Two methods of comparison were chosen - passive stretching and the Vojta's reflex therapy. The work consists of two parts. The theoretical part describes the problems of spinal lesions, central motoneuron syndrome and spasticity, including its pathophysiology and investigation and therapeutic approaches. The practical part contains an attempt to verify and subsequently compare the immediate antispastic effect of the chosen methods, which is an important prerequisite for the following active exercises as an inseparable part of a physiotherapeutic exercise unit. Clinical evaluation scales are used to evaluate spasticity, namely Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Muscle Excitability Scale (MES). The results are then compared with other studies and literature. Keywords spinal lesions, quadriplegia, Modified Ashworth Scale, Muscle Excitability Scale, Vojta's method, stretching
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Partnership of persons after a spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury
Kokořová, Adéla ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Čábelková, Alžběta (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to provide an insight into the current situation regarding the people suffering from brain damage or spinal cord injury and the impact of such disability on their partner life. The main focus of the study is to highlight the patient's problems connected with partner life, summary of the occupational therapy intervention possibilities for patients and the evaluation of tool portfolio designed to provide a positive utility in partner life. In addition, the theoretical part discusses the insight of both patients and experts on the basic problems in partner life based on the various stage and form of disability as well as the description of therapeutic tools created to help with these disabilities. The research part is devoted to the interviews with patients who suffer from spinal cord injury or brain damage and address their difficulties from the perspective of occupational therapists. Key words: neurology, paraplegia, hemiparesis, relationship, sex, compensation aids
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Possibilities of using aquatic therapy for patients after spinal cord injury
Černá, Alžběta ; Demeková, Júlia (advisor) ; Kříž, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with patients after spinal cord injury (SCI) focused on their health problems and possibilities of using aquatic therapy, that can participate in the program of comprehensive rehabilitation. General section summarizes the classification of patients after SCI, the properties of the aquatic environment and the physiological reactions of the organism in the aquatic environment. It also focuses on the issue of sitting of paraplegics and current methods of assessment in clinical practice. The special part contains a case of a patient after SCI at the level of Th8-Th10, an example of a therapeutic unit in the pool aimed at improving the quality of sitting. I also contains results of two functional tests that assess sitting of the patient before and after a twoweek rehabilitation intervention in Centrum Paraple. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Applying the DRUMS ALIVE program (drumming to gymnastic balls) for people after spinal cord injury
Ančerlová, Marie ; Daďová, Klára (advisor) ; Pavlová, Ilona (referee)
Title: Applying the DRUMS ALIVE program (drumming to gymnastic balls) for people after spinal cord injury Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to prepare and apply an exercise unit of the fitness program Drums Alive which would be adapted for individuals with spinal cord injury. Another aim was to find out individual reactions of the participants on the exercise. Methods: Exercise unit was applied in 2 women and 3 men (age 40-60 years). A questionnaire, observation and interview were used to assess clients' reactions on exercise and perceived benefit of the lesson on physical and psychological well-being. The benefits were viewed from the point of participants, instructor and sport therapist. Results: According to results we may suppose that exercise strengthen and release muscles and joints. It is pleasant and entertaining. It can serve as a mean of comprehensive rehabilitation and recondition. Keywords: DRUMS ALIVE, drumming, fitness, paraplegia, quadruplegia
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Behavioral testing of animals after experimental spinal cord injury.
Freislebenová, Hana ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (advisor) ; Kriška, Ján (referee)
Spinal cord injury is one of the most serious injury that leads to a decrease in the quality of life both physically and mentally. Although there is currently no effective treatment, great efforts are being made to develop new treatments. The effectiveness of experimental treatment is verified by behavioral tests performed on animal models, where rats are the most suitable ones for this type of injury. Behavioral tests are divided into several groups depending on what the testing is focused on. Locomotor tests examine the function of a locomotive apparatus, motor tests are used to determine the function of skeletal muscles not primarily involved in locomotion, sensory and motor tests test the functionality of sensory and motor apparatus and their interconnection, sensory tests are designed to test responses to sensory stimuli. Electrophysiological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging are part of a series of special tests that use artificially induced electrical stimuli to measure muscle activity. This thesis is focused on detailed description of selected behavioral tests, their functionality and comparison of their advantages and disadvantages.
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The evaluation of functional sitting stability of paraplegics
Melicharová, Hana ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Vláčilová, Ivana (referee)
Title: The evaluation of functional sitting stability of paraplegics Objectives: The aim of this work is to evaluate the functional stability of paraplegics sitting through tests. Another objective is to determine what is the effect of fourteen days rehabilitation intervention on the sitting patients. Methods: Designed experiment was processed by the form of quantitative research. There were 10 pacients with spinal cord injuries, especially paraplegics included - 5 men and 5 women. The history was detected with the main emphasis on assessment ASIA score. Measurement of unsupported upright sitting was done thanks to the Plantograf V09. It records the current pressure distribution and movement of the center of pressure (COP). Functional T - shirt test was evaluated by using a stopwatch. Probands responded two questions about their current condition after rehabilitation after the output measuring. The therapist rating was included in the results. All data were further processed in Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: Measurements confirmed the reliability of both used tests. The t-shirt test can be used as an objective method of assessing functional stability of sitting. Test of unsupported upright sitting measured by Plantografu is also usable. It would be appropriate to set the measuring apparatus...
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